What is airway pressure release ventilation typically used for?

• A. To enhance volume support
• B. To utilize two levels of CPAP
• C. To completely control ventilation
• D. To deliver only controlled breaths

Answer: (B)

Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is a mode of mechanical ventilation primarily utilized to provide two levels of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). This ventilation strategy is designed to allow spontaneous breathing while alternating between higher and lower pressure levels. The higher pressure serves to recruit collapsed alveoli and improve oxygenation, while the lower pressure allows for exhalation, thus promoting efficient ventilation and reducing the work of breathing.

In APRV, the two levels of CPAP help maintain positive airway pressure throughout the respiratory cycle, which is particularly beneficial for patients with conditions such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) where lung recruitment and oxygenation are critical. By utilizing this mode, clinicians can facilitate better gas exchange while providing patients the opportunity to breathe spontaneously, offering a balance of support and patient involvement in the breathing process.

This unique characteristic of employing two levels of CPAP effectively distinguishes APRV from other modes of ventilation that may rely solely on either pressure control or volume control without the same degree of spontaneous respiratory effort.